A Computer Engineering student who loves FOSS and is learning about privacy, the Internet and languages writing about the things he does.
I wanted to keep my code in multiple remotes. github since it is still where everyone reaches to see what I'm doing. codeberg since it is my preferred forge. Apparently git supported multiple remotes for fetch and push , so this is how i configured my repo. After initializing git and making some commits , I first added the two remotes: github and codeberg respectively. git remote add codeberg…
A mistake for them, for you, it's a crime. Only you've seen it done, countless times. Normal things, you claimed were my sins. I felt those crimes. I did, but didn't mean. A small spark, it burned you like a flame. When you noticed what you feard in them. I had kept repeating, that it's not all men. Now myself alone, count as three in them. Just to make a sound. It scares me now. Every step I…
I get flowers and I get poems written for me. I get showers of praises directed to me. All these compliments, even more promises, I get everything, every fucking thing to me. My beauty is a symbol of power through views. A power that I cannot control or use. With sweet little lies, and thousands of tries. They try to be poets and I am their muse. Only by seeing me something they feel. They fall in…
Tip If you prefer to listen or watch instead of reading [highly unlikely since you came here, but still] I tried creating a video for the first time There is so much more to the internet than your Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Google, and chat GPTs. And these things are not known by the general masses, not because it's a quality problem, but instead it's a discovery problem. Honestly, the content…
I read this article by ozark.hendrix.edu/~yorgey dedicated to his students and I loved it. While everything he had to say had an effect on me like it was targeted toward me, the last point he made touched me the most. Above all, be motivated by love instead of fear. Fear has been taking over lately. You might be wondering how I know that you're awesome! Because I know you read this via RSS.
Why do I always keep waiting for the right time? Craft ideal events, burdening my precious mind. Spend time, doing same things, the same trend. And hoping, somehow next day, it'll be different. The future that you're waiting, it never arrived. You keep carrying the child, which once thrived. And the past keeps happening, it's never ending. Till you stop living life and you start pretending. Time…
Inspired by The Online Webring , I made an Indieweb webring button that has mapped clickable regions for previous , next and webring links. < div style =" margin-top: 20px; " > < map name =" indie8831 " > < area shape =" rect " coords =" 38,0,88,15 " href =" https://xn--sr8hvo.ws/previous " alt =" Previous " > < area shape =" rect " coords =" 38,16,88,31 " href =" https://xn--sr8hvo.ws/next " alt…
I just love tinkering with my devices, and have a design philosophy. Sorry KDE , "Nothing by default, just there when needed." Which I know is not a perfect system because sometimes things get lost. And I have to search them which isn't very efficient. Since I have started from the drawbacks and pain points lets just continue with it. Things get lost sometimes. Moving the mouse can cause different…
I have been using Firefox focus on my phone with JS disabled as my only browser. And I noticed that, even though the site relies very little on JS it looked completely borked. So, I just fixed it, I'd say my site is now css first (Akin to local first.) but can add a little tiny bit more pizzazz if JS is enabled. You might be wondering how I know that you're awesome! Because I know you read this…
Along with the Importance of Mentorship and Respect for Low Level Developers When we were searching for a project to do for our final year submission, I came across a feature request on RedoxOS asking for OverlayFS support. I had kept it as something "I wish I could do". When pitching our ideas for the project, I also said that I wish we could do something like this, to my teammate faultypointer .…
01: Keep Her Smiling 02: Treat Her Better 03: Make Her Laugh 04: Give Her Flowers 05: Take Her Places 06: Listen Her Voices 07: Buy Her Sweets 08: Show Her Respect 09: Protect Her Worth 10: Leave Her Space It's a list of order that you cannot touch. Some BID, Some QD but never too much. If L status drops, PRN increase the doses. Always test the stats with a bouquet of roses. Treat the patient with…
I had forgotten the world. Didn't know what's real from fake. I trusted all of you. Never realizing that it was a mistake. I treated you like my soul. Not knowing the taste of heartbreak. I gave you all of me and more. Clearly unknown about what was at stake. I wanted to see you happy. But, the efforts kept making me weak. I listened to all your stories. Many nights I didn't sleep. I gave you all…
I'll keep you warm, I'll tuck you tight. You'll never want to leave. You'll lose track of time, you'll realize. My love is addictive. I'll hold your hands, I'll make you dance. You'll want me even more. You'll compete with me, you'll want to win. On who loves whom the most. We'll go on a walk, I'll make you laugh. You'll forget your way back home. You'll want me to rest, stick me to your chest.…
What could have been if promises were enforced? A price to pay for every broken promises. Would people still make them and take them lifelong. Promises will be extinct, if I know the people where I'm from. Where I'm from, people would die if they made promises. People will cry from all the punishments. Only the bravest could make a promise, with no bad intentions, who's disciplined and honest.…
As a poet, I am not ready. Hurts my brain trying to rhyme teddy. Maybe something related to lady? Writing this poem, I'm going crazy. Just buy a teddy and give it to your baby. Heck buy a barbie and surprise her maybe? Completing this poem is making me hungry. Now, all I can think is about chicken gravy. You might be wondering how I know that you're awesome! Because I know you read this via RSS.
Never doubt the power of something sweet. Intoxicates your mind till you cannot quit. White lies in it to make you feel better. You'll learn to love it, even when it's bitter. Glitters in the wrapper, with a price to pay. It's always worth it. It'll make you say. Reasoning consumption, is an unpopular opinion. Following trends like a bunch of minions. It's never true that something is always bad.…
Should I state the truth or just follow. Fluffy coat around my heart that's hollow. Follow the rainbow just to see your eyes glow? I'll give you my truth and let the tears fall low. I'm not sure if it's an ask or you're telling. I wonder if it's a want or you're just wishing. You had to get it out. Was it really killing? I doubt that it was more than just a feeling. With a box of chocolate and a…
Dear Rose, You don't have a choice to make. With me, your thorns don't need to break. You'll have nothing at stake. You are red, the smell of blood, no need to fake. Now's the time to wake, don't wait. It's the only chance you'll get. Only a miracle that you and I met. With me you'll forget, all the things in your head, that keeps you awake, crying on your bed. You can make the same mistakes, this…
Khürt , think you got mistaken, I am not Joel! Was the mention supposed to be for me? I see that you yourself have a URL/Permalink input field to send mentions, mine is the same. And it is only for the ones who haven't automated sending them in their site building pipeline. It is only there as an option. In case the automation fails or is not set up. You might be wondering how I know that you're…
Day 15 was about File System. The book that I am following has come to an end with File System as the final chapter where it teaches to implement tar file as a filesystem. tar is an archive format (like zip) that can contain multiple files. It contains file contents, filenames, creation dates, and other information necessary for a filesystem. Compared to common filesystem formats like FAT or ext2,…
Day 14 was about Disk I/O . A device driver for the virtio-blk , a virtual disk device was implemented. Virtio is one of the APIs for device drivers to control devices. It is widely used in virtualization environments such as QEMU. The virtio devices have a structure called virtqueue and it is a queue shared between the driver and the device. It consists of Discriptor Table , Available Ring and…
Day 13 was about system call. Similar to SBI Call implementation, the system calls are invoked in a similar way. The syscall function sets the system call number in the a3 register and the system call arguments in the a0 to a2 registers, then executes the ecall instruction. The ecall instruction is a special instruction used to delegate processing to the kernel. When the ecall instruction is…
Day 12 was about user mode. The application that we had made had to be run on the user mode. And since, the execution image is a raw binary, it needs to be prepared with a fixed binary. # define USER_BASE 0x 1000000 After defining the symbols to use in the embedded raw binary, the create process function is updated to start the application from the user_entry . The create_process is modified to…
Day 11 was about application. First, a linker script named user.ln was made this time starting at address 1000000 so that the application doesn't overlap with the kernel space. Then a simple userland library is created with minimal features just enough to indicate the existence of a userland application. A header file for the userland library is also made. Then an application is made, very…
Day 10 was about testing and debugging paging and page table contents. Running the buildscript should give us the exact same output of repeating letters similar to how it was before paging was implemented. Then the page table contents were examined. To check about the registers, following command was run on the qemu console. ( qemu ) info registers Then the value of satp register is read and then…
Day 9 was about memory management and virtual addressing. The structure of the virtual address is defined by the RISC-V paging mechanism called Sv32 . It uses a two level page table where the 32 bit virtual address is divided into a first-level page table index, a second level and a page offset. The tables are named VPN[1] and VPN[0] respectively. First the macros for the construction of the page…
Day 8 was about Process. Though, modern operating systems use the concept of threads to provide execution context. We treat processes like individual threads being run for our implementation. First we define a structure for PCB (Process Control Block). We first define PROC_UNUSED and 0 and PROC_RUNNABLE as 1 . Then we create a structure for a unit process with the following slots: Process ID as an…
Day 7 was about Memory Allocation. First the memory regions were defined in the linker script so that it can determine the position to avoid overlapping the memory to kernel's static data. The size of the memory space was 64 * 1024 * 1024 bytes or 64MB and it is aligned to a 4KB boundary. Then a function alloc_pages was implemented which allocated n pages of memory and returned it's starting…
Day 6 was about Exceptions and handling those Exceptions in the kernel. In RISC-V the CPU first checks medeleg register to determine which operation mode should handle the exception. In our case U-mode/S-mode is already handled by OpenSBI . Then, the CPU saves states into various CSRs . stvec register is set to pc then the exception is handled using the handler. Then sret is called to resume…
Perfect topic for today because early morning I was shown why It was a stupid decision to do something, then at afternoon I got into a bike accident. Though it was minor with no injuries to both parties except some scratches on the bikes. It could have caused huge consequences. Then I did another mistake and then another. PANIC! It is day 5 . Implementing panic was very easy, it is implemented as…
To make a useful kernel we require it to perform tasks like setting a memory chunk to zero, or copying the memory from a source address to destination address. It may have to understand what a boolean is or what NULL is. So, for that we require the "C Standard Library" and hence we need to implement it (or the functions it contains as abstractions to commonly used functions). For this, in day 4 I…
As the days progress the journey is getting more fun and interesting. It was the part where actual text was going to be printed. It was a kernel hello-world . Day 3 focused on printing characters on the console by talking to SBI finally implementing putchar and eventually printf . You might be wondering how I know that you're awesome! Because I know you read this via RSS.
Everything, is not your wrong, but you haven't one, to forgive. Not selfless, or selfish you'll be, but you don't, have to believe. Some should cry, while others grin, there's no right, way to live. Do it right, all steps by book, yet the thing, never ends in relief. You're in pain, were ya ostracized? What did they, have to say? Left alone, no you were not, the ghosts lie, mere thoughts away.…
The actual development of OS started with making the build script run.sh in bash to setup and launch a qemu RISC-V virtual machine with OpenSBI as bios for QEMU. Then a linker script kernel.ld was made and a basic kernel process kernel.c was written. Finally, the build script was updated to include compiler and execution commands and flags to properly boot the kernel. Day 2 focused on writing a…
I have set up the environment required to run RISC-V 64 toolchain using QEMU . Installed a debian RISC-V 64 iso and set it up to my liking with autologin and proper terminal emulation and sudo . I then installed gcc , gdb and neovim for writing and compiling programs. Details of what happened on Day 1 is tracked using git with codeberg as a remote. I have decided to use Operating System in 1000…
I want to learn systems programming and I thought why not go with the open source one which is currency in development. So, I chose the RISC-V architecture. That way if I decide to keep pursuing it, I can grow along with the ISA slowly catching up to it. I want to keep a streak by posting here every day about what I learn. Let's hope it goes well. You might be wondering how I know that you're…
I slowly open my eyes, but, all I can see is a hole just above my head from where a bright light is entering the room. Slowly, I turn my head and look around, there's a table, or something that resembles a table. The colour is brown and has patches of lichens all around and on it there is a grey mug with greenish liquid. I slowly get up from the floor and look around, the room is small and it is…
This time it is a really simple thing. But, I wanted to document it anyway. Why? I am constantly in a quest of making things better for the sake of reducing my media addiction. The only social media with "status updates" that I use is polymaths.social a gotosocial (Fediverse) instance. I have stopped using Facebook and Instagram a while back and I block the shorts section of my YouTube. Having…
And there I was, in the sky. Being flown uncontrollably with the wind's will. The string of a big red balloon in my right hand and the other hand; sore, blistered and in burning pain. I am shouting, screaming but there's no one that can hear me. All I see is the clear blue sky all around me, and a single patch of cloud far away. I look down, the ocean, all blue, it hurts my head, I feel dizzy. I…
What is to live? If not a wait for death. I worry at times. What if now's the end? To not have a purpose is a scary feeling. What is to die? If not to stop believing. Excited for the future, but not too far. Believing why you are, the way you are. Scared to accept, that beyond doesn't exist. Living ideal stories, while verities missed. Tallying truth with good, and false with bad. Questioning each…
I just love when people use webmentions. Cool site @faulty . You might be wondering how I know that you're awesome! Because I know you read this via RSS.
Yeah! I keep doing stupid things. The idea of remapping keys isn't new, be it for typing in a different language or to make the escape key more ergonomic for vim users. I mapped my escape key to ` and caps-lock key to escape when I bought my 65% keyboard. It was because I had to use some weird function keybind just to type a ~ . Then I realised my laptop key got remapped too, but I just went ahead…
I had set up Webmentions on my static site a while back . It was because I really like the concept of a completely custom yet static social media where it's not instant but it's regular communication. But, the drawback of any kind of unique and DIY technology is not having people that actually use it. Ironically, after the setup, I only have received Webmentions from myself during testing ( I am…
Trying to replace as many apps I use with the apps written in rust to see how much is possible. Continuous: Oxidation by flux was very helpful. You might be wondering how I know that you're awesome! Because I know you read this via RSS.
Let me start by saying, I just love typst. A bit too must at this point. Whenever I get the chance I just sit down and open typst. Electricity goes down, I open typst. I feel bored I open typst. Now that I think of it, I don't have anything else to do on my laptop and only interactive thing is typst. You might be thinking what typst is. So, let me introduce you to typst. Introduction to typst…
My Device -` scientiac@einstein .o+` ------------------ `ooo/ OS: Arch Linux x86_64 `+oooo: Host: ASUS Zenbook 14 UM3406HA_UM3406HA (1.0) `+oooooo: Kernel: Linux 6.15.4-arch2-1 -+oooooo+: Uptime: 31 mins `/:-:++oooo+: Packages: 997 (pacman) `/++++/+++++++: Shell: zsh 5.9 `/++++++++++++++: Display (SDC419D): 2880x1800 @ 60 Hz (as 1440x900) in 14" [Built-in] `/+++ooooooooooooo/` WM: niri (Wayland)…
Firstly I don't really have hardware that is minimal. It could be minimal for some people, but having a working smartphone and a pretty good laptop isn't minimal, judging by the plethora of things I can do within these devices. A huge chunk of my personality is influenced by Linux and the principles/philosophies I have learned to interact with the Linux and Open Source ecosystem. KISS, UNIX, DRY,…
This one is for you. How many faces do you have? How many? I think I lost count. I hate her with all my guts. I don't understand, if you hate her so badly, why do you still talk to her nicely. Why not confront her? After all, she may not realize that something she is doing is making you feel bad. Did I ask you for a solution? Just listen to me. Also, I am a good person, I can't confront her like…
Don't rely on anyone to do what you can do for yourself. Angela Del Toro, Daredevil: Born Again, 2025 I don't mean it in a dangerous sense, like how she does in the series. But think it in a more general sense. It's a good advice. You might be wondering how I know that you're awesome! Because I know you read this via RSS.
I still smell the roses bloom, the scent in the air, still draws me. I still see those butterflies fly, the wind still, gently whispers me. I still sense a breath of life, a caring hand, when one lends me. I still hear my heart pounding, when someone's smile, enchants me. I still taste rose petal's sweet, imagining her, lips kiss me. I still feel the touch of care, reading someone, they miss me. *…