Random points in a Triangle

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Meet Sara, a mathematician with a special tool that generates random numbers from a uniform distribution between [0, 1]. Sara is tasked with drawing a triangle on a 2D plane with vertices at (0,0), (1,0), and (x,y). She needs to come up with an algorithm that allows her to sample points uniformly from within or on the triangle. However, she can only use the random number tool twice for each point she samples.

• Question: How should Sara approach the problem to ensure all sampled points are uniformly distributed within the triangle?

Try to solve this problem yourself before moving on to the solution below

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1. Let the random samples be m and n.

2. Set a=min⁡(m,n) and b=max⁡(m,n)

3. For each iteration, Sara takes two random samples, a and b, and uses them to calculate the weighted coordinates of the point.

   The formulas for the coordinates are:

   • X=(0⋅a)+(1⋅(1−b))+((b−a)⋅x)

   • Y=(0⋅a)+(0⋅(1−b))+((b−a)⋅y)

Thus, every point (X_0,Y_0) sampled inside the triangle has a unique solution for a and b within the range [0, 1], ensuring uniform distribution of points within the triangle.

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