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11 Aug 2026 | Modern Samurai

This is a full-length practice exam with 60 questions, mirroring the style, difficulty and topic distribution of the LinuC-1 Exam 102 Version 10.0. Questions include single-choice, multiple-select and command/config scenarios.

Instructions

Choose the best answer(s).
Some questions are single choice; others are select-all-that-apply.
Time: 90 minutes.
Passing score reference: ~500/800.
Answer key is at the end.

Topic 1.06: Shell and Script (Questions 1-10)

1. Which files are typically sourced for an interactive login Bash shell? (Select all that apply)
a) /etc/profile
b) ~/.bash_profile
c) ~/.bashrc
d) /etc/bash.bashrc
e) ~/.bash_logout

2. What is the effect of adding alias ll='ls -l --color=auto' to ~/.bashrc?
a) It creates a temporary alias valid only in the current session
b) It makes the alias available for all future login shells for that user
c) It changes the system-wide PATH
d) It overrides the global profile

3. In a Bash script, what does $? contain immediately after a command runs?
a) The process ID of the script
b) The exit status of the last command
c) The number of arguments passed
d) The name of the script

4. Which shebang line correctly specifies Bash as the interpreter?
a) #!/bin/sh
b) #!/usr/bin/env bash
c) #!bash
d) #!/bin/python

5. How do you make a script executable and restrict it to root only?
a) chmod 700 script.sh && chown root:root script.sh
b) chmod +x script.sh
c) chown user script.sh
d) alias script.sh

6. What does the shift command do in a Bash script?
a) Moves all arguments one position to the left
b) Changes the current working directory
c) Exits the script with code 0
d) Sources another file

7. Which construct tests if a file exists and is executable?
a) if [ -x file ]; then
b) if [ -e file ]; then
c) if [ -f file ]; then
d) test -r file

8. To debug a script showing each command before execution, use:
a) bash -x script.sh
b) bash -v script.sh
c) set -e script.sh
d) source script.sh

9. What does command substitution look like?
a) $(command) or `command`
b) ${variable}
c) | command
d) && command

10. Which loop iterates over all command-line arguments?
a) for arg in "$@"; do ... done
b) while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do ... shift; done
c) Both a and b
d) case $1 in

Topic 1.07: Network Fundamentals (Questions 11-22)

11. Which port is used by SSH?
a) 80
b) 443
c) 22
d) 53

12. What is the modern command to show IP addresses and interfaces?
a) ifconfig
b) ip addr
c) route
d) netstat

13. Select two true statements about TCP vs UDP:
a) TCP is connection-oriented and reliable
b) UDP is connectionless and best-effort
c) UDP guarantees delivery
d) TCP is used for DNS queries only

14. To temporarily add a static IP:
a) ip addr add 192.168.1.50/24 dev eth0
b) ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.50
c) Both a and b (legacy)
d) Edit /etc/hosts

15. Default route command (modern):
a) ip route add default via 192.168.1.1
b) route add default gw 192.168.1.1
c) Both
d) nmcli

16. Which file configures DNS servers for the client?
a) /etc/resolv.conf
b) /etc/hosts
c) /etc/nsswitch.conf
d) /etc/hostname

17. Command to query a DNS server directly:
a) ping
b) dig example.com @8.8.8.8
c) traceroute
d) ss

18. Private IP range example:
a) 10.0.0.0/8
b) 8.8.8.8
c) 2001:db8::/32
d) 192.0.2.1

19. Tool to test port connectivity:
a) netcat / nc
b) ss
c) Both
d) ip

20. IPv6 link-local address prefix:
a) fe80::/10
b) 2000::/3
c) ff00::/8
d) ::1

21. To view listening sockets:
a) ss -tuln
b) netstat -tuln
c) Both
d) ip link

22. CIDR for a /24 subnet mask:
a) 255.255.255.0
b) 255.255.0.0
c) Both represent different notations

Topic 1.08: System Management (Questions 23-32)

23. Command to create a user with home directory and Bash shell:
a) useradd -m -s /bin/bash username
b) usermod -s /bin/bash username
c) passwd username
d) groupadd

24. File storing hashed passwords and aging info:
a) /etc/passwd
b) /etc/shadow
c) /etc/group
d) /etc/skel

25. Crontab entry for every day at 2:30 AM:
a) 30 2 * * * /path/to/script
b) 2 30 * * * /path/to/script
c) @daily /path/to/script
d) Both a and c

26. To allow only specific users cron access:
a) Add to /etc/cron.allow
b) Use /etc/cron.deny
c) Both files control access
d) Edit /etc/crontab

27. Skeleton directory for new users:
a) /etc/skel
b) /etc/default/useradd
c) Both
d) /home

28. Command to change user password expiration:
a) chage
b) passwd -e
c) Both
d) usermod

29. Locale variable for all categories:
a) LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
b) LANG=en_US.UTF-8
c) Both a & b (LC_ALL overrides)
d) TZ

30. Switch to C locale for scripts:
a) LANG=C
b) Useful for consistent output
c) Both a & d
d) LC_ALL=POSIX

31. Group management command:
a) groupadd developers
b) groupmod -n newname oldname
c) Both a & b
d) usermod

32. View user groups:
a) id username or groups username
b) getent group
c) Both a & b
d) /etc/group

Topic 1.09: Essential System Services (Questions 33-42)

33. Set system time:
a) date -s "2026-06-06 10:25:00"
b) timedatectl set-time "2026-06-06 10:25:00"
c) Both a & b
d) hwclock only

34. Synchronize hardware clock:
a) hwclock -w
b) hwclock --systohc
c) Both a & b is common
d) ntpdate

35. View recent systemd logs:
a) journalctl -xe
b) journalctl --since "1 hour ago"
c) Both a & b
d) rsyslog

36. Log rotation configuration:
a) /etc/logrotate.conf and /etc/logrotate.d/
b) logrotate command
c) Both a & b
d) /var/log

37. Email alias file:
a) /etc/aliases then run newaliases
b) ~/.forward for forwarding
c) Both a & b
d) Postfix only

38. Common MTA programs:
a) Postfix, Exim
b) Sendmail
c) All of the above
d) None

39. NTP pool example:
a) pool.ntp.org
b) chrony or ntpd
c) Both a & b
d) timedatectl

40. Facility for auth logs:
a) authpriv
b) mail
c) cron
d) All are facilities

41. Printer queue management (CUPS legacy):
a) lpq, lprm
b) lpr
c) Both a & b
d) /etc/cups

42. Persistent journal storage:
a) /var/log/journal/
b) Configure in /etc/systemd/journald.conf
c) Both a & b
d) journalctl --vacuum

Topic 1.10: Security (Questions 43-55)

43. Find SUID files:
a) find / -perm -4000 -type f 2>/dev/null
b) find / -perm -2000
c) Both for different bits
d) ls -l

44. Restrict user processes:
a) ulimit -u 100
b) In ~/.bashrc or PAM
c) Both a & b
d) chage

45. Generate SSH key pair:
a) ssh-keygen
b) ssh-copy-id
c) Both a & b used together
d) gpg

46. Shadow passwords provide:
a) Hashed passwords not visible in /etc/passwd
b) Password aging
c) Both a & b
d) Plain text

47. Basic sudo configuration:
a) Edit /etc/sudoers with visudo
b) sudo -l to check
c) Both a & b
d) su

48. Disable unused services:
a) systemctl disable service
b) systemctl stop service
c) Both a & b
d) chkconfig

49. Check open ports:
a) ss -tuln or nmap localhost
b) netstat
c) Both a & b
d) lsof

50. SSH port forwarding example:
a) ssh -L 8080:localhost:80 user@host
b) Local forwarding
c) Both a & b
d) scp

51. GPG basic command:
a) gpg --gen-key
b) gpg -e file for encrypt
c) Both a & b
d) ssh

52. Login history command:
a) last
b) who / w
c) Both a & b
d) lastlog

53. Automatic logout variable:
a) TMOUT=300 (5 minutes)
b) In profile
c) Both a & b
d) ulimit

54. Cloud security consideration:
a) Use MFA for console access
b) Restrict public IPs
c) Both a & b
d) Volatile storage risks

55. Firewall tools:
a) firewalld / iptables
b) ufw on some distros
c) Awareness of both a & b

Topic 1.11: Open Source Culture (Questions 56-60)

56. Strong copyleft license:
a) GPL
b) MIT
c) BSD
d) Apache 2.0

57. Open source characteristics (select all):
a) Source code available
b) No warranty
c) Allows modification and redistribution per license
d) Always free of charge (gratis)

58. Which license requires derivatives to be open source?
a) GPL
b) LGPL
c) Both (with differences)
d) Public domain

59. Participating in open source:
a) Report bugs, contribute via mailing lists or Git
b) Use, study, modify, distribute
c) Both a & b
d) Only developers

60. Definition of open source includes:
a) Free redistribution
b) Source code inclusion
c) Both a & b (and more freedoms)
d) Proprietary restrictions

Answer Key And Explanations

1. a, b (often c via sourcing). Login shells source profiles.
2. b. Persistent for user login shells.
3. b. Exit status (0=success).
4. b. Best practice with env.
5. a. Permissions and ownership.
6. a. Processes arguments.
7. a. -x checks executable.
8. a. Trace execution.
9. a. Standard syntax.
10. c. Common patterns.

11. c. Standard.
12. b. iproute2.
13. a, b. Core differences.
14. c. Both work (ip preferred).
15. c.
16. a.
17. b.
18. a.
19. c.
20. a.
21. c.
22. a.

23. a.
24. b.
25. d.
26. c.
27. c.
28. c.
29. c.
30. c.
31. c.
32. c.

33. c.
34. c.
35. c.
36. c.
37. c.
38. c.
39. c.
40. a.
41. c.
42. c.

43. a (primary for SUID).
44. c.
45. a.
46. c.
47. c.
48. a.
49. c.
50. a.
51. c.
52. c.
53. a.
54. c.
55. c.

56. a.
57. a, b, c.
58. c.
59. c.
60. c.

Detailed explanations for all 60 questions would be very long. Review official objectives for any missed concepts. Focus on command options, config files, and practical use. Preferably use a textbook for detailed explanations.

Scoring Guide

52-60: Excellent – ready for the exam.
42-51: Good – review weak areas with hands-on practice.
Below 42: Study official objectives + practice in a Linux VM.

This practice quiz is not official but representative. Practice commands on real systems. Good luck with your exam preparation.

The LinuC Series

Article 1: LinuC-1 Exam 101 v10.0 Command Cheat Sheet. https://www.modernsamurai.info/101

Article 2: LinuC-1 Exam 101 v10.0: 60-Question Practice Exam. https://www.modernsamurai.info/lcp60

Article 3: LinuC-1 Exam 101 v10.0: 20-Question Practice Exam. https://www.modernsamurai.info/lcp20

Article 4: LinuC Level1 Exam 102 Version 10.0 Cheat Sheet. https://www.modernsamurai.info/102

Article 5: LinuC Level1 Exam 102 Version 10.0 Practice Quiz (20 Questions). https://www.modernsamurai.info/lcq20

Article 6: LinuC Level1 Exam 102 Version 10.0 Practice Quiz (60 Questions). https://www.modernsamurai.info/lcq60

Article 7: LinuC Level1 Exam 102 Version 10.0 Practice Quiz (60 Questions With Explanations). https://www.modernsamurai.info/lcq60e

LinuC Level1 Exam 102 Version 10.0 Practice Quiz (60 Questions)