AI did not invent any new attacks or any new economic vulnerabilities. It did one thing: it dropped the cost and knowledge requirements for attackers by orders of magnitude, and made the execution possible by anyone with a subscription and malicious intent. Just in 2025, the news covered AI attacks that hit the Mexican government [1], [2], [3], seventeen healthcare and emergency services…
DePIN is a $10 billion-plus market cap sector. 423 tracked projects. 41.8 million devices deployed across the globe. Over $1.7 billion in venture capital poured in across 2024 and 2025 alone. By every supply-side metric, it is thriving. But here is a number nobody wants to sit with: by 2024, only two projects launched before 2023 had crossed $1 million in annualized non-token revenue. Two. Storj,…
I’ve been sitting with this question since May 2025, when I first learned about Anarchism from a political science perspective from a podcast (kudos @eschulmann ). Surprisingly, I immediately saw many similarities to my daily life as someone building a DePIN startup. And the answer is way more uncomfortable than most crypto people want to admit. We love to talk about decentralization as a…
If you had pitched a “crowdsourced infrastructure” (later DePIN) to a room full of VCs in 2021, the conversation would have inevitably drifted toward token prices, staking APYs, and how fast you could bootstrap a map full of dots. Fast forward to 2025, and the conversations I’m having (and the ones you should be having) are radically different. The DePIN sector has matured from a…