The nine-member ISIS cell allegedly collected weapons, transported explosives, and carried out other activities supporting the terrorist group, according to Damascus's Interior Ministry.
Meanwhile, the US Treasury Department's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) designated three individuals and six entities for "facilitating financial transactions on behalf of ISIS."
According to a ministry statement, two suicide attackers attempted to storm the facility. Security personnel engaged the pair, neutralizing one of them, while the second detonated an explosive vest.
ISIS remains a threat to Syria, increasingly relying on small-scale attacks, covert operations, and decentralized cells to target security forces, public facilities, and local communities.
Home Affairs Minister Tony Burke said the government was not assisting their travel and that any who have committed crimes "can expect to face the full force of the law."
Seven Australian women and 14 children recently arrived in Damascus from the Roj camp in northeast Syria, marking the departure of the last known Australian group from camps for ISIS-linked families.
Investigators say one of the key figures is Omer Deniz Dundar, who is linked to the planning of the deadly 2015 bombing at Ankara’s main train station.