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News and opinions from Glenn Elert

I am a walnut. I know more than you do.

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Northeast blackout (2003)

A widespread power outage that affected parts of Michigan, Ohio, Ontario, Pennsylvania, Maryland, New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Massachusetts began at approximately 4:10 PM on 14 August 2003. By 4:13 PM 55 million people in the US and Canada were without electric power. This is sometimes thought of as the 'Third New York City Blackout'. The first was [ ]

Four stroke engine patented by Nicolaus Otto (1877)

US patent number 194047 was issued to Nikolaus August Otto of Deutz, Germany on 14 Aug 1877. Otto s engine is the type that powers most autos today.

Comet Swift-Tuttle closest approach to Earth (2126)

Comet Swift-Tuttle will pass very close to the earth on 14 August 2126, but it will not strike the earth or the moon as earlier calculations suggested. No dangerously close encounters are probable before the year 4479 when there is a one in a million chance (literally) the comet will collide with earth. Comet Swift-Tuttle last visited [ ]

First atomic clock (1948)

The 'ammonia maser atomic clock' was first operated on 12 August 1948 and was publicly demonstrated in January 1949. Since it used ammonia it was technically a 'molecular clock'. The publicity photo on the right shows Edward (E.U.) Condon (left), Director of the National Bureau of Standards, holding a model of an ammonia molecule and [ ]

Fat Man: Nuclear bomb dropped on Nagasaki (1945)

Date: 9 August 1945 (7:50 AM Japan Standard Time) Code name: Fat Man Type: Plutonium Fission Yield: 22 thousand tons of TNT Location: Nagasaki, Japan

STS-118 Endeavour carries Educator Astronaut (2007)

Space shuttle Endeavour on mission STS-118 roared into orbit with Educator Astronaut Barbara Morgan on this day in 2007. I was there with Ken Harasty and other extraordinary teachers.

Asteroid 1999 AN10 makes a close approach to the earth (2027)

The near earth asteroid (NEA) 1999 AN10 will pass within 388,960 km of the earth on 7 August 2027. For comparison, the average distance from the earth to the moon is 384,400 km. The probability of a collision in 2027 is essentially zero.

First webpage (1991)

The world s first webpage was posted to the Internet on 6 August 1991. It still exists. Click here to see what it looks like today or click on the screen captures below to see what it looked like in a 1990s browser window. 1992 CERN line mode 1993 NCSA Mosaic 1995 Netscape 1996 Internet Explorer

Curiosity lands on Mars (2012)

Curiosity, a.k.a. Mars Science Laboratory, landed on Mars at 10:32 PM PDT on 5 August 2012 (1:32 AM EDT on 6 August 2012).

Georg Wilhelm Richmann struck by lightning (1753)

Georg Wilhelm Richmann was attending a meeting of the Imperial Academy of Sciences and Arts in St. Petersburg, Russia on 6 August 1753 (26 July 1753 in the old Julian calendar). When he heard thunder in the distance, he hurried home. Richmann had an an apparatus for studying the electrical nature of lightning modeled after one built by Benjamin [ ]

Little Boy: Nuclear bomb dropped on Hiroshima (1945)

Date: 6 August 1945 (8:15 AM Japan Standard Time) Code name: Little Boy Type: Uranium Fission Yield: 12.5 thousand tons of TNT Location: Hiroshima, Japan

Nautillus reaches the North Pole (1958)

The USS Nautilus (SSN-571) was the first operational nuclear powered submarine and the first submarine to traverse the Arctic Ocean under the ice cap. The journey beneath the ice lasted four days (August 1-4) begining on the Pacific side near Barrow, Alaska and ending on the Atlantic side north of Greenland. Source: National Archives

MESSENGER launched (2004)

Launch 3 August 2004 Refer to my earlier post for a discussion of the orbital slingshot maneuver. MESSENGER entered orbit around Mercury on 18 March 2011. MESSENGER stands for MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging.

Einstein’s first letter to President Roosevelt (1939)

The letter that launched the arms race. A warning to President Roosevelt of the possibility of constructing extremely powerful bombs of a new type with hints that the German government might be doing just that. Addressed and dated Peconic, Long Island, August 2nd 1939, it was most likely written by Leo Szilard, the scientist who [ ]

π Approximation Day

π 22 7 Get it?

Viking 1 lands on Mars (1976)

Sand dunes and large rocks are revealed in this panorama of Mars in the first photograph taken by Viking l s Camera 1 on July 23, having landed on July 20, 1976.

Trinity: First nuclear weapon test (1945)

Date: 16 July 1945 (5:30 AM Mountain War Time) Code name: Trinity Type: plutonium fission Yield: 21 thousand tons of TNT Location: Alamogordo, New Mexico

Diesel engine patented (1895)

Rudolph Diesel received a US patent for his eponymous engine design on 16 July 1895. Diesel died 18 years later under suspicious circumstances.

MAUD Committee Report (1941)

Report by M.A.U.D. Committee on the Use of Uranium for a Bomb OUTLINE OF PRESENT KNOWLEDGE 1. General Statement Work to investigate the possibilities of utilizing the atomic energy of uranium for military purposes has been in progress since 1939, and a stage has now been reached when it seems desirable to report progress. We [ ]

Fender receives patent for Broadcaster (1951)

Clarence L. Fender received a US design patent for the Broadcaster solid body electric guitar on this day in 1951. This was followed by an improved model called the Stratocaster that was patented in 1953.

Second New York City blackout (1977)

The lights went out in New York City at 9:30 PM on 13 July 1977 and stayed out until 10:30 PM the next night. Unlike the major blackouts of 1965 and 2003, which covered large parts of the northeastern US, this blackout was localized to the city. Rioting, looting, vandalism, and arson, mostly confined to the poorest parts of [ ]

Electric guitar patented (1937)

Guy Hart of Gibson Instruments was awarded a US patent for an electrical musical instrument on this day in 1937.

Skylab reenters earth’s atmosphere (1979)

11 July 1979: Skylab, America s first space station, returns to earth somewhere over the Indian Ocean and Western Australia.

Benjamin Franklin names positive and negative charge (1747)

We say B (and bodies like circumstanced) is electrized positively; A, negatively. Or rather, B is electrized plus; A, minus. Benjamin Franklin, 11 July 1747