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I get asked occasionally who the underrated philosophers in the ancient period are, whose works would be well worth studying. One of the thinkers who comes to mind for me most often is the middle Platonist Plutarch. I think many people know of him as a biographer (it was quite common when I was in high school decades back, that some of his Parallel Lives would be assigned reading), but relatively few people are aware that he has a massive body of philosophical work, called the Moralia, ranging over a number of different fields of philosophy, and engaging with many philosophical schools and figures of the time.
One particularly important and interesting area of his work, where he makes some pretty useful and insightful contributions is within the field of ethics, and more specifically virtue ethics. Since many people (including quite a few people who focus on virtue ethics) don’t know about Plutarch’s Moralia at all, let alone have read around in the works comprising that collection, unsurprisingly they are unaware that he authored a number of works that taken together articulate a rich and robust middle Platonist virtue ethics. Quite a few of them even have “virtue” in their titles!
Recently, I produced a number of new core concept videos on some of these virtue-titled texts, and after that, converted those into Sadler’s Lectures podcast episodes (where the sound quality is boosted, and all the pauses and filler-words are removed). I do have the intention of returning in the future to Plutarch’s Moralia and producing additional lectures on other virtue-focused works. Once those are done, I’ll add links to them here.
For the present, though, you have twenty-five lectures on four of his works concerning middle Platonist virtue ethics, available both in video and podcast format. You can watch, listen to, or download (for podcasts) these resources anywhere you’d like to.
On Virtue And Vice | watch video | listen to podcast
Can Virtue Be Taught? | watch video | listen to podcast
Mistaken Opinions On The Virtues | watch video | listen to podcast
The Composite Human Soul | watch video | listen to podcast
Subjection Of The Irrational Part | watch video | listen to podcast
What Ethical Virtue Is | watch video | listen to podcast
Virtue As A Mean | watch video | listen to podcast
Theoretical And Practical Reason | watch video | listen to podcast
Temperance And Self-Control | watch video | listen to podcast
Intemperance and Lack Of Self-Control | watch video | listen to podcast
Criticism Of The Stoic Ruling Part | watch video | listen to podcast
The Stoic Good Emotional States | watch video | listen to podcast
Conflict Between Reasonings | watch video | listen to podcast
Criticism of Stoics On Emotions | watch video | listen to podcast
Right Amount And Use Of Emotions | watch video | listen to podcast
Right Order Of Rational And Irrational Parts | watch video | listen to podcast
Problems With Stoic Views | watch video | listen to podcast
Consistency As Progress | watch video | listen to podcast
Taking Minor Failings Seriously | watch video | listen to podcast
Evaluation of One’s Own Discourse | watch video | listen to podcast
Yearning For Philosophy | watch video | listen to podcast
Progress In Our Dreams | watch video | listen to podcast
Past And Present Emotions | watch video | listen to podcast
Admiration and Emulation | watch video | listen to podcast
Dealing With One’s Own Failings | watch video | listen to podcast
I hope that these might provide an encouragement or enticement to those who are interested in improving their characters, lives, and relationships to devote some study to Plutarch’s very helpful works. And for those who are already studying and appreciating Plutarch, perhaps they might also prove to be of some interest.
Gregory Sadler is the founder of ReasonIO, the co-founder of The Stoic Heart®, a speaker, writer, and producer of popular YouTube videos on philosophy. He is co-host of the radio show Wisdom for Life, and producer of the Sadler’s Lectures podcast. You can request short personalized videos at his Cameo page. If you’d like to take online classes with him, check out the Study With Sadler Academy.

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