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Sofia Santos | Gralhix

OSINT Challenges, Analysis & Tutorials

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Top 2025 OSINT and CTF Advent calendar challenges to keep you busy this December

It s that time of the year again! An entire month dedicated to learning, exploring, and putting your OSINT skills to the test with daily challenges and Capture the Flag (CTF) events. Are you ready for a busy end of 2025? Similarly to last year, we are once again spoiled for choice with multiple platforms preparing [ ]

How to access geoblocked websites without a VPN

Our ability to access online content depends on where we are based. Websites, platforms, organisations, and even entire countries may choose to restrict access to certain content based on geographic location. This practice, commonly known as geoblocking, primarly relies on detecting a user’s IP address to determine their whereabouts. The motivations beind these restrictions may [ ]

How OSINT is Transforming Investigative Journalism and Human Rights Reporting

Investigative journalism has long played a critical role in exposing human rights violations, holding perpetrators accountable, and bringing injustices to light. However, uncovering the truth in areas with ongoing conflict has always been a challenging endeavour. These violations that infringe upon the fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals often take place in locations of difficult [ ]

Two Years of OSINT Exercises: The Importance of Community Learning

At the beginning of 2023, I published my first OSINT Exercise page. Now, two years later and 31 exercises later, I am humbled by the number of people who have used them to develop their skills. Last year, I celebrated the first anniversary by publishing a small OSINT report that showcased the patterns and trends [ ]

The Best 2024 OSINT and Cybersecurity Advent Calendars to Boost Your Skills in December

With the year of 2024 coming to an end, the OSINT and cybersecurity community gear up for an exciting month of learning, testing, and growing their skills. Are you up for the challenge? I am a big proponent of continuous learning, especially in the ever-changing field of OSINT. There is always something new to read, [ ]

Embracing failure: The Importance of making mistakes in OSINT

(Click here to watch and listen to the video version of this blog entry) The OSINT community is full of extremely talented people. There is an almost daily supply of jaw dropping investigations, deep analysis of very complex topics, and coordinates of photos or videos which, at first glance, appeared untraceable. It is nearly impossible [ ]

A Year of OSINT Exercises Insights: Unveiling Patterns & Trends

(Click here to watch and listen to the video version of this blog entry) On 27 January 2023, I published my first OSINT Exercise page, aiming to offer free educational content in the form of well structured OSINT challenges. My objective was two-fold: teaching beginners the fundamentals of finding data, verifying data, and analysing data, [ ]

Indoor Geolocation: Coordinates of a Cake

(Click here to watch and listen to the video version of this blog entry) Indoor geolocations are a special type of fun. Despite the premise being very similar to “normal” outdoor geolocations, the methods employed are significantly different. You cannot rely on image reverse search, landmark identification, or even the “I’m-desperate-enough-to-scan-this-entire-town-in-the-hopes-of-finding-the-damn…

Filetype: The Best Advanced Search Operator for OSINT Investigations?

(Click here to watch and listen to the video version of this blog entry) Finding data online is one of the fundamental skills necessary to become a great OSINT analyst. However, data gathering and information retrieval can be challenging in the vastness of the World Wide Web. One of the most effective ways to start [ ]

Geolocating excavators attempting to halt Wagner Group rebellion convoy headed to Moscow, Russia

(Click here to watch and listen to the video version of this blog entry) Introduction On June 24, 2023, the world watched as, in a sudden turn of events, Yevgeny Prigozhin, the head of the Wagner Group, called for a rebellion in Russia. As his convoy of mercenaries allegedly headed to the Russian capital, videos [ ]

The Hidden Potential of Public Twitter Lists

(Click here to watch and listen to the video version of this blog entry) Introduction Twitter is (still) one of the best social media platforms to start your OSINT investigation. With a vast user base who share content in real time, the platform is a goldmine for OSINT analysts seeking to gather data on a [ ]

Geolocating an American bald eagle’s nest near NASA’s Kennedy Space Center

(Click here to watch and listen to the video version of this blog entry) Introduction Occasionally you may come across a photo that you need to geolocate but there are no distinct landmarks or features that can guide you. You might think that there is nothing to be done. Sometimes, even in those cases, geolocation [ ]

Geolocating IDPs in South Sudan by tracking down a Facebook user’s movements

(Click here to watch and listen to the video version of this blog entry) Introduction Every so often people approach me to help them with something OSINT related, either finding data, analysing something, or geolocating images or footage of an event. These type of requests have previously led me to go down some amazing rabbit [ ]

How to geolocate remote villages in Afghanistan using reference maps

(Click here to watch and listen to the video version of this blog entry) Introduction Occasionally you will come across videos that will tell you exactly where they were filmed. You ll get excited thinking that geolocating it will be extremely fast and easy. You jump to Google Maps, write the name of the village and [ ]

How to monitor oppressive regimes on Twitter using TweetDeck

This entry was updated in April 2023 to cover the new TweetDeck layout and settings (Click here to watch and listen to the video version of this blog entry) Twitter and TweetDeck as monitoring tools Twitter is a huge social media platform where millions of users share content daily. Although many see it as a [ ]