Disclaimer This article analyzes network traffic obfuscation and penetration technologies solely from a technical research and cybersecurity education perspective. Please comply with the laws and regulations of your country or region. In mainland China, establishing or using unauthorized channels for international networking without permission is illegal. Due to the presence of the GFW (Great…
How can you prove you’re wearing underwear without revealing its color? The answer lies in understanding zero-knowledge proofs. This article assumes basic familiarity with cryptographic concepts (hash functions, public key cryptography) and computational complexity theory (NP-completeness, graph theory). For background material, you can refer to previous articles . Introduction Consider a simple…
Over the past half year (or to be precise, a year), I’ve launched three projects on GitHub. To my surprise, these projects turned out to be real overachievers, each snagging more than 100 stars! Let’s take a look at the projects I’ve built: Project Screenshot WCY-dt/EasyTransfer A WebRTC-based end-to-end file transfer tool Launched on 2024-06-19 Released on 2024-12-02 172 stars in one day…
Ever wondered how git diff manages to efficiently compare files and show you exactly what changed? The algorithms behind this seemingly simple operation are quite fascinating. Consider two files \(A\) and \(B\) containing \(N=7\) and \(M=6\) lines respectively: A B === === A C B B C A A B B A B C A We can represent this comparison problem as navigating through an \(N \times M\) grid: From any…
When Python encounters an import statement, the interpreter follows a specific search order to locate modules: Check if the module is already cached in sys.modules If not cached, check built-in modules If not found in built-in modules, search paths in sys.path : Current script’s directory first System default paths (Python installation directory, standard library, etc.) Absolute vs. Relative…