MUSLIM SCHOLARS ON PERFIDY AND RUSES OF WAR

This paper examines the distinction between lawful ruses of war ( khud‘ah ) and unlawful perfidy ( ghadr ) in Islamic law through a critical survey of major twentieth- and twenty-first-century Muslim scholars. It begins by highlighting the centrality of the principle of distinction between combatants and non-combatants and notes that contemporary asymmetric conflicts have blurred the boundary…