Redesign CI/CD linter to make it use new backend classes
The following discussion from gitlab-ce!13849 should be addressed:
- [ ] @grzesiek started a [discussion](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/merge_requests/13849#note_38999106):
> When might want to fix only/except representation here, it is currently `refs, master, feature, kubernetes, configured` which is confusing. I think we should create one additional tech debt issue for linter, because we have a pretty decent idea how to make linter to use CI config entries `Entry#errors` instead of attributes.
issue
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