Bug report

The module-global curses_screen_encoding in Modules/_cursesmodule.c stores a borrowed pointer to the encoding string owned by the window object that initscr() returns:

curses_screen_encoding = ((PyCursesWindowObject *)winobj)->encoding;

It is set only on the first initscr() call and is never updated afterwards. That first window object can be deallocated while the pointer is still needed: the module-level functions unctrl() and ungetch() have no window of their own and fall back to curses_screen_encoding to encode non-ASCII characters. Once the originating window is gone, those functions read freed memory.

It can be reached from Python by dropping the initial screen and then encoding a non-ASCII character, e.g.:

import curses, gc
w = curses.initscr()
try:
    del w
    gc.collect()
    curses.initscr()
    curses.ungetch('é')   # reads the freed encoding string
finally:
    curses.endwin()

The fix is to keep a private copy of the encoding instead of borrowing the window's, refreshed on every initscr() and released when the module is torn down.

Linked PRs

• gh-151695: Fix use-after-free of the curses screen encoding #151696
• [3.15] gh-151695: Fix use-after-free of the curses screen encoding (GH-151696) #151703
• [3.14] gh-151695: Fix use-after-free of the curses screen encoding (GH-151696) #151706
• [3.13] gh-151695: Fix use-after-free of the curses screen encoding (GH-151696) (GH-151706) #151723