RcppMeCab is an Rcpp wrapper for the MeCab part-of-speech morphological analyzer. It provides UTF-8 installation profiles and dictionaries for Japanese, Korean, and Mandarin Chinese text. Engine selection happens at package installation; runtime dictionary selection does not replace that engine. Rcpp and parallel processing provide efficient text analysis.

Please see this for easy installation and usage examples in Korean.

Build profiles and MeCab engines

When a system MeCab installation is not found, RcppMeCab builds an engine from source. MECAB_LANG selects that source-build profile and its bundled dictionary:

MeCab is dictionary-driven, so Chinese uses the standard MeCab engine with a Mandarin dictionary rather than a separate Chinese engine. The Chinese profile supports simplified and traditional UTF-8 text.

For the ja and ko profiles on Linux and macOS, an existing system MeCab installation (detected via mecab-config) takes precedence. The zh profile always builds the pinned standard MeCab engine so its compiler and mecab-jieba dictionary remain compatible. MECAB_LANG is an installation setting; it does not switch engines in a running R session.

Installation

Linux, macOS, and Windows

RcppMeCab automatically downloads and builds MeCab from source if it is not already installed on your system. No manual MeCab installation is required.

install.packages("RcppMeCab") # install from CRAN
# or install the development version
# install.packages("devtools")
devtools::install_github("junhewk/RcppMeCab")

If you already have MeCab installed (e.g. via brew install mecab on macOS, or apt install libmecab-dev on Linux), RcppMeCab will use your system installation.

Installation profile

Set MECAB_LANG before installation to choose the engine and bundled dictionary profile. Existing system engines take precedence for ja and ko as described above; zh always uses the pinned source build.

# Korean (default)
install.packages("RcppMeCab", type = "source")
# Japanese
Sys.setenv(MECAB_LANG = "ja")
install.packages("RcppMeCab", type = "source")
# Chinese (Mandarin; simplified and traditional text)
Sys.setenv(MECAB_LANG = "zh")
install.packages("RcppMeCab", type = "source")

Dictionary

When RcppMeCab builds its own engine, the matching dictionary is automatically downloaded and installed during package installation:

• Korean (MECAB_LANG=ko, default): mecab-ko-dic (pre-compiled, from mecab-ko-msvc releases)
• Japanese (MECAB_LANG=ja): IPAdic (compiled from source during installation)
• Chinese (MECAB_LANG=zh): mecab-jieba (compiled from source during installation)

The bundled dictionary is stored in the package's dic/ directory and used automatically. The ja and ko profiles use a system-configured dictionary when they reuse a system MeCab installation. The zh profile always compiles and bundles mecab-jieba with its pinned engine.

Downloading additional dictionaries

You can download and install dictionaries for other languages after installation using download_dic(). No system-level MeCab installation is required — dictionary compilation is handled entirely within R.

download_dic("ja") # download and compile Japanese IPAdic
download_dic("ko") # download Korean mecab-ko-dic
download_dic("zh") # download and compile Chinese mecab-jieba

Dictionaries are stored in the user data directory (tools::R_user_dir("RcppMeCab", "data")) and persist across R sessions.

Use list_dic() to see all installed dictionaries:

list_dic()
#>      lang         name                              path active
#> 1 bundled      bundled /path/to/RcppMeCab/dic              TRUE
#> 2      ja       ipadic ~/.local/share/R/RcppMeCab/ja      FALSE
#> 3      ko mecab-ko-dic ~/.local/share/R/RcppMeCab/ko      FALSE
#> 4      zh  mecab-jieba ~/.local/share/R/RcppMeCab/zh      FALSE

Usage

This package has pos and posParallel functions.

pos(sentence)                        # returns a list
pos(sentence, join = FALSE)          # morphemes only (tags as vector names)
pos(sentence, format = "data.frame") # returns a data frame
pos(sentence, user_dic = "path")     # with a compiled user dictionary
posParallel(sentence)                # parallelized, faster for large inputs
dictionary_info()                    # active dictionary metadata

Selecting dictionaries

lang selects a dictionary previously installed with download_dic(). It does not change the MeCab engine compiled or linked into RcppMeCab.

download_dic("ja")
download_dic("zh")
pos("東京は日本の首都です。", lang = "ja")
pos("我是中国人。", lang = "zh")

The active default dictionary can also be changed:

set_dic("ja")
pos("東京は日本の首都です。")
set_dic("zh")
pos("我是中国人。")
set_dic("bundled") # restore the build-time dictionary

Japanese and Chinese dictionaries use the standard MeCab engine and can be selected within a standard MeCab installation. Supported Korean analysis requires the mecab-ko engine. Loading mecab-ko-dic into standard MeCab does not add mecab-ko's Korean-specific whitespace behavior. Conversely, loading a Japanese or Chinese dictionary does not replace an installed mecab-ko engine. Use a separate RcppMeCab installation or reinstall with the required engine profile when moving between Korean and standard MeCab behavior.

Dictionary feature layouts are also language-specific. List output consistently uses each token's primary POS tag. The historical data.frame columns subtype and analytic follow the Japanese/Korean layout; they do not expose all mecab-jieba fields. Pinyin, traditional/simplified forms, and definitions do not yet have dedicated output columns.

A dictionary can also be selected by path:

pos("text", sys_dic = "/path/to/custom-dic")
options(mecabSysDic = "/path/to/custom-dic")

dictionary_info() reports the filename, charset, type, size, context sizes, and version of every dictionary loaded by MeCab. It reports dictionaries, not the language or engine variant, and is useful for confirming which dictionary is active.

Parameters

• sentence: text to analyze
• join: if TRUE (default), output is morpheme/tag; if FALSE, output is morpheme with tag as attribute
• format: "list" (default) or "data.frame"
• lang: dictionary code ("ja", "ko", or "zh") selecting a dictionary installed via download_dic(). It does not switch engines and overrides sys_dic when specified.
• sys_dic: directory containing dicrc, sys.dic, etc. Set a default with options(mecabSysDic = "/path/to/dic")
• user_dic: path to a user dictionary compiled by dict_index()

Note: provide full paths for sys_dic and user_dic (no tilde ~/ expansion).

Compiling a user dictionary

RcppMeCab provides the dict_index() function to compile user dictionaries directly from R, without needing the mecab-dict-index command-line tool.

Prepare your entries as a CSV file (Japanese format, Korean format), then compile:

dict_index(
  dic_csv = "entries.csv",
  out_dic = "userdic.dic",
  dic_dir = "/path/to/mecab-dic"
)
# Then use the compiled dictionary:
pos("some text", user_dic = "userdic.dic")

Authors

Junhewk Kim (junhewk.kim@gmail.com), Taku Kudo

Contributors

Akiru Kato, Patrick Schratz