print(out)

```

We can also use `with` statement to contain operations on the file within a block for clarity and cleanness.

We can also use a `with` statement (also known as a [context manager](https://realpython.com/python-with-statement/#the-with-statement-approach)) which enables you to group operations on the file within a block which improves the clarity of your code.

```{code-cell} python3

with open('newfile.txt', 'a+') as file:

# Adding a line at the end

file.write('\nAdding a new line')

# Move the pointer back to the top

file.seek(0)

# Read the file line-by-line from the first line

```{code-cell} python3

with open("newfile.txt", "r") as f:

file = f.readlines()

with open("output.txt", "w") as fo:

for i, line in enumerate(file):

print(f'Line {i}: {line}')

fo.write(f'Line {i}: {line} \n')

```

Note that we used `a+` mode (standing for append+ mode) to allow appending new content at the end of the file and enable reading at the same time.

```{code-cell} python3

fo = open('output.txt', 'r')

out = fo.read()

print(out)

```

There are [many modes](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/reading-writing-text-files-python/) you could set when opening the file.

We can write the example above under the same context to reduce redundancy

When experimenting with different modes, it is important to check where the pointer is set.

```{code-cell} python3

with open("newfile.txt", "r") as f, open("output2.txt", "w") as fo:

for i, line in enumerate(f):

fo.write(f'Line {i}: {line} \n')

```

The pointer is set to the end of the file in `a+` mode.

```{code-cell} python3

fo = open('output2.txt', 'r')

out = fo.read()

print(out)

```

Here we set `file.seek(0)` to move the pointer back to the first line (line 0) of the file to print the whole file.

```{note}

Note that we only used `r` and `w` mode. There are [more modes](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/reading-writing-text-files-python/) you could experiment with.

```

### Paths