Mantion–Meax languages
(Redirected from East Bird's Head languages)
| Mantion–Meax Mantion–Meyah | |
|---|---|
| East Bird's Head | |
| Geographic distribution | Papua |
| Linguistic classification | West Papuan?
|
| Subdivisions |
|
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | east1459 |
 East Bird's Head languages (in red) | |
The Mantion–Meax, Mantion–Meyah, or (South) East Bird's Head languages are a language family of three languages in the "Bird's Head Peninsula" of western New Guinea, spoken by all together 20,000 people.
Classification
[edit]East Bird's Head stock (4 languages)
Pronouns
[edit]The pronouns Ross reconstructs for the proto-language (Usher's Southeast Bird's Head) are:
Basic vocabulary
[edit]Basic vocabulary among East Bird's Head languages (Meyah, Moskona, Sougb, Hatam, Mansim) listed in Holton & Klamer (2018). The sets are not necessarily cognate.[1]
East Bird's Head family basic vocabulary gloss Meyah Moskona Sougb Hatam Mansim ‘bird’ mem mem ba hab waw ‘louse’ mej mej mem mem ‘one’ egens erges hom gom wom ‘night’ motu mot loba mmun ‘I’ didif dif dan dani danu
Additional East Bird's Head basic vocabulary quoted by Holton & Klamer (2018)[1] from Miedema & Reesink (2004: 34) and (Reesink 2005: 202), showing diverse non-cognate vocabulary across different branches:[2][3]
Additional East Bird's Head basic vocabulary gloss Meyah Moskona Sougb Hatam arm/hand etma etma s(i)ra ndab leg/foot aki egak/oko ohora mig house mod mod tu ig good oufa ojfa eigouh kei dog mes mes mihi nsien pig mek mek hwej nab chicken mongkukar memkoar berougb guri louse mej mej mem mem water/river mei mij uhu nyei banana meni nej wida
Swadesh list
[edit]Below is a 192-word modified Swadesh list for the East Bird's Head languages (Schapper, Syufi & Arnold 2026: 260–266):[4]
gloss Irires Meyah[5] Moskona[5] Sougb[6][7] all ojs nomnaga romreg augwan and tekun d͡ʒera dokun dara animal mejod marska marsa aremeta ashes metewew moŋkoru mofra mor at gij gid͡ʒ d͡ʒig se back ad͡ʒmeg ed͡ʒmeg ed͡ʒmeg idgo bad asxaj oska oskur ecgu bark mer afox mega ofos merga owos sogo mos because tenaf d͡ʒeska esxa dau belly adog otkonu otkon nuhwa big atew eteb eteu goɟi bird mem mem mem ba bite ask eska eska au black axid axta axta ogor blood aguf ogufu ofuga mogwihi blow of oft͡ʃ oft͡ʃa ouhw bone or ofora oforna mohori breathe ojf axamaxa emsa mena aic burn max et max et merax et ait child as oforoka eferiok meh cloud moswad͡ʒ mot͡ʃgod͡ʒ ofog merofog umer cold aed͡ʒ meifirna mifirna emtereta come anin en en en correct tenen tenten det͡ʃir indeiɟ count atog ofosut osot ecic cut ed͡ʒ eris ersa ogod day mow mona mona lona die ew agos ogos omom dig awan ed͡ʒi ow ogo dirty asimsik axtaxta axtaxta ogor dog met͡ʃ mes mes mihi drink ed͡ʒ ed͡ʒ et ek dry axixir efed͡ʒ efed͡ʒ erouhw dull amuj ofod͡ʒ ofod͡ʒ okta dust afenok mebi ofou mou ofui aremoslos ear at͡ʃuj osu osui ums earth mow mebi mou cinogo eat et et et et egg mem afoj mem ofou mem ofui mougb eye aded eiteid͡ʒ eited͡ʒ airesi fall at͡ʃir esiri esir obsara far moisam jes masen gusi fat afes efes ewes meriɟ father mak meka mekeu meina fear amas emesa emesa ahau feather afed͡ʒ efed͡ʒ efed͡ʒ modi few afirx egekegka ergakak gurereito fight emk rimedima imedima esim fire max max merax smougb fish meŋomej mos mos hosei five sind͡ʒ t͡ʃind͡ʒa t͡ʃid͡ʒa serɡem float ok ofka etuk eikbib flow aj ejax eja eh flower mer afok marfok marok meric fly of ofu of ohw fog moswad͡ʒ mot͡ʃgod͡ʒ mot͡ʃked͡ʒa lohos moro foot apek aki egak ohora four toxur toxkuru taxgur hogu fruit afew ofos owos mera give at eita eita eic good at͡ʃmap oufamofa oifomof eigouhw grass meŋgor er marfenen marefen arec green afrax ofraxa ofraxa augweda guts atewen otkonu efesa otkon ewes menuhwa hair afed͡ʒ efed͡ʒi efed͡ʒ modi hand atim etma etma mesira he ifo, afo ofa ofa en head awis ebirfaga ebir mougt hear eg eg eg ouman heart amewed efemebi efembed͡ʒ medoc heavy akum okum okum ogom here kikef kef d͡ʒikef suggini hit emk obu obui ogod hold arosud͡ʒ agei orusked͡ʒ os how tenaf teinefa tinefa dagiro hunt obt͡ʃ okub okuk ocir husband maxin maxina maxina mesuwa I idif didif dif dan if tnaf erek ekek sug in gid͡ʒ gid͡ʒ d͡ʒig se kill emk agob ogou ogod know ad͡ʒinag ed͡ʒginaga ed͡ʒgen ecinaga lake meren meren meren mohu laugh atitiw otut oitut obohuba leaf afej efei efi mehi left merg egris erga medgi leg apek aki egak ohora lie ax ax ax atouda live aker eker eker mena agau liver afor odou odui medoc mei long agow aksa aksa agas louse mad͡ʒ med͡ʒ med͡ʒ mem man meŋgoron ona orna giɟi many aromat ofoukou ognunui einjana meat afog ofogu ofoga mog mother mot͡ʃ mosu mosu meim mountain memag memaga memeg men mouth ox awesi oxes mers name afap ofoka owoka moho narrow oxog emeinma okut͡ʃkok einjim near awud doida etkebra deinjor neck orp orukaga orkos mergo mei new afan efeinax efenirax menau night mot motu mot loba nose at͡ʃum osum osum mebes not gur guru gura ero one afims egens erges hom other amnej egema ergem gus person isosk osnok osnok sud play axat͡ʃen axaisomu osioma ei mumc pull akuj oku okuj eic push aduj edei ed oun rain mot͡ʃ mos mas los red akner ekeni ekena ahani right tenen ognosk orod͡ʒud͡ʒ misen river mej mei mi duhu mem road merod͡ʒ morod͡ʒu morod͡ʒ ucina root afow ofom ofom sogo mom rope mefun mofun mofun aikdaga rotten amp emba emba eijema rub afukp os os ousousa sand mewis mebsta mebsta dibo say at͡ʃot agot oxot en scratch ax eragrina axax ehigeis sea mej mei mod͡ʒum mi mod͡ʒum dum mohu see ek ek ek eija seed afed efed͡ʒ efed͡ʒ meiɟ sew asir eb ob ogon sharp afaj efei etka efietka mog short ad͡ʒum estir esta mug agarougb sing merej d͡ʒog of of ohu mer sit aker eker eker eigtou skin afot͡ʃ ofos owos mos sky mowag mebaga mebaga bogo sleep ax ax d͡ʒax ax d͡ʒig atou small aŋgej oskijai oskaitok mogurei smell ams eg emsa ouma smoke ow efa mosoku ef misomok moro smooth asuswak efeta egirna eskraha snake meŋgos magosu mogos hinogo some afirx eneja enia aibibra spit at͡ʃirf os osrof ococ split ak ebriji ebri aga squeeze awid ebid ebda esugb stab ed oduis odut͡ʃ edesugb stand ot ot ot esa star metur motur motur tebeic stick met͡ʃkur moskur moskur iɟouhuga stone meŋgom mamu mogom igdahabi straight awux axaruka oxurka obosboro suck of efa efa outut sun mow mowa mau igda lona swell askid efifid͡ʒ esed͡ʒga ensa swim ar mej era mei ax mi ougb duhu tail ariek oiraga oirega mesera that na koma nomi iŋga there joj suma ida suŋga they dej rua eri len thick awum efek ewek ouŋmerema thin aniniwes axanuka axabnuk ekinei think astox osud͡ʒoxu orusoxt oudesa this kef kef nokef gini thou bow bua bua bani three arfum orgomu orgoum homoi throw ed eid͡ʒ eid͡ʒ edi tie axas akid axat͡ʃ ohut tongue end arni ornoud͡ʒ metemougb tooth afon ofon ofon tree mer mega merga sogo turn akut͡ʃ oksef oksef eineg two arfik egeka ergak hwai vomit osis axa meisoxu axa mou ersa walk aj et͡ʃira et͡ʃira esebesa warm afmem ofoufem ofufom esrougb wash axus ot ot eduh water mej mei mi duhu we memef mimif mif emen wet ataf etefa etefa mohumohu what mender meidu mida ara when mod͡ʒuax mona egaxo et͡ʃxa aiseba where gikaf sinefa xadefa digiro white ews ebsi efsa ogoufu who awer idu ida gara wide atew efefi otox ebehibera wife maxan moxona moxena mesowa wind mofen mof mof lougmen wing afambr efembra efembra mebera wipe aroj osuna osun ogun with tekun d͡ʒera d͡ʒera dara woman afad͡ʒ od͡ʒona ed͡ʒena gihida woods jet͡ʃ merembrax merembax sogo meba worm mefew mofunfou marewet haga
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- 1 2 Holton, Gary; Klamer, Marian (2018). "The Papuan languages of East Nusantara and the Bird's Head". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 569–640. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
- ↑ Miedema, Jelle and Ger P. Reesink. 2004. One Head, Many Faces: New perspectives on the Bird’s Head Peninsula of New Guinea. Leiden: KITLV.
- ↑ Reesink, Ger P. 2005. West Papuan languages: roots and development. In: Pawley et al. (eds.) 185–218.
- ↑ Schapper, Antoinette; Syufi, Yafed; Arnold, Laura (2026). "Introducing Irires, a language of the East Bird's Head family". Language Documentation & Conservation. 20. University of Hawaiʻi Press: 224–266. ISSN 1934-5275.
- 1 2 Gravelle, Gloria. 2010. A grammar of Moskona: An East Bird’s Head language of West Papua, Indonesia, 456‒462. Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. Doctoral thesis.
- ↑ Reesink, Ger. 2002a. The eastern Bird’s Head languages compared. In Reesink, Ger (ed.), Languages of the Eastern Bird’s Head, 1–44. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
- ↑ Reesink, Ger. 2002b. A grammar sketch of Sougb. In Reesink, Ger (ed.), Languages of the Eastern Bird’s Head, 181–276. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
Further reading
[edit]- Reesink, Ger P. (2002). "The Eastern Bird's Head Languages Compared". In Ger P. Reesink (ed.). Languages of the Eastern Bird's Head. Pacific Linguistics. Vol. 524. Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. pp. 1–44. hdl:1885/146144. ISBN 978-0-85883-494-1.