Google Cloud Documentation

Skip to main content

Detect and extract text from images

Optical Character Recognition (OCR)

The Cloud Vision API lets you use optical character recognition (OCR) capabilities for text detection from images. This means you can use Cloud Vision for computer vision tasks like image analysis and dense document text detection, including handwriting extraction.

Cloud Vision API provides two annotation features that support optical character recognition (OCR):

  • TEXT_DETECTION detects and extracts text from any image. For example, a photograph might contain a street sign or traffic sign. The JSON includes the entire extracted string, as well as individual words, and their bounding boxes.

    Road sign displaying text.

  • DOCUMENT_TEXT_DETECTION also extracts text from an image, but the response is optimized for dense text and documents. The JSON includes page, block, paragraph, word, and break information.

    Document with highlighted text.

    Learn more about DOCUMENT_TEXT_DETECTION for handwriting extraction and text extraction from files (PDF or TIFF).

Try it for yourself

If you're new to Google Cloud, create an account to evaluate how Cloud Vision performs in real-world scenarios. New customers also get $300 in free credits to run, test, and deploy workloads.

Try Cloud Vision free

Text detection requests

Set up your Google Cloud project and authentication

If you have not created a Google Cloud project, do so now. Expand this section for instructions.

  1. Sign in to your Google Cloud account. If you're new to Google Cloud, create an account to evaluate how our products perform in real-world scenarios. New customers also get $300 in free credits to run, test, and deploy workloads.

  2. In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

    Roles required to select or create a project

    • Select a project: Selecting a project doesn't require a specific IAM role—you can select any project that you've been granted a role on.
    • Create a project: To create a project, you need the Project Creator role (roles/resourcemanager.projectCreator), which contains the resourcemanager.projects.create permission. Learn how to grant roles.

    Go to project selector

  3. Verify that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

  4. Enable the Vision API.

    Roles required to enable APIs

    To enable APIs, you need the serviceusage.services.enable permission. If you created the project, then you likely already have this permission through the Owner role (roles/owner). Otherwise, you can get this permission through the Service Usage Admin role (roles/serviceusage.serviceUsageAdmin). Learn how to grant roles.

    Enable the API

  5. Install the Google Cloud CLI.

  6. If you're using an external identity provider (IdP), you must first sign in to the gcloud CLI with your federated identity.

  7. To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command: 

    gcloud init

  8. In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

    Roles required to select or create a project

    • Select a project: Selecting a project doesn't require a specific IAM role—you can select any project that you've been granted a role on.
    • Create a project: To create a project, you need the Project Creator role (roles/resourcemanager.projectCreator), which contains the resourcemanager.projects.create permission. Learn how to grant roles.

    Go to project selector

  9. Verify that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

  10. Enable the Vision API.

    Roles required to enable APIs

    To enable APIs, you need the serviceusage.services.enable permission. If you created the project, then you likely already have this permission through the Owner role (roles/owner). Otherwise, you can get this permission through the Service Usage Admin role (roles/serviceusage.serviceUsageAdmin). Learn how to grant roles.

    Enable the API

  11. Install the Google Cloud CLI.

  12. If you're using an external identity provider (IdP), you must first sign in to the gcloud CLI with your federated identity.

  13. To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command: 

    gcloud init

Detect text in a local image

You can use the Vision API to perform feature detection on a local image file.

For REST requests, send the contents of the image file as a base64 encoded string in the body of your request.

For gcloud and client library requests, specify the path to a local image in your request.

gcloud

To perform text detection, use the gcloud ml vision detect-text command:

gcloud ml vision detect-text ./path/to/local/file.jpg

REST

Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:

  • BASE64_ENCODED_IMAGE: The base64 representation (ASCII string) of your binary image data. This string should look similar to the following string:
    • /9j/4QAYRXhpZgAA...9tAVx/zDQDlGxn//2Q==
    Visit the base64 encode topic for more information.
  • PROJECT_ID: Your Google Cloud project ID.

HTTP method and URL: 

POST https://vision.googleapis.com/v1/images:annotate

Request JSON body: 

{
  "requests": [
    {
      "image": {
        "content": "BASE64_ENCODED_IMAGE"
      },
      "features": [
        {
          "type": "TEXT_DETECTION"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

To send your request, choose one of these options:

curl

Save the request body in a file named request.json, and execute the following command: 

curl -X POST \
     -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
     -H "x-goog-user-project: PROJECT_ID" \
     -H "Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8" \
     -d @request.json \
     "https://vision.googleapis.com/v1/images:annotate"

PowerShell

Save the request body in a file named request.json, and execute the following command: 

$cred = gcloud auth print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred"; "x-goog-user-project" = "PROJECT_ID" }
Invoke-WebRequest `
    -Method POST `
    -Headers $headers `
    -ContentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8" `
    -InFile request.json `
    -Uri "https://vision.googleapis.com/v1/images:annotate" | Select-Object -Expand Content

If the request is successful, the server returns a 200 OK HTTP status code and the response in JSON format.

A TEXT_DETECTION response includes the detected phrase, its bounding box, and individual words and their bounding boxes.

Response

{
  "responses": [
    {
      "textAnnotations": [
        {
          "locale": "en",
          "description": "WAITING?\nPLEASE\nTURN OFF\nYOUR\nENGINE\n",
          "boundingPoly": {
            "vertices": [
              {
                "x": 341,
                "y": 828
              },
              {
                "x": 2249,
                "y": 828
              },
              {
                "x": 2249,
                "y": 1993
              },
              {
                "x": 341,
                "y": 1993
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "description": "WAITING?",
          "boundingPoly": {
            "vertices": [
              {
                "x": 352,
                "y": 828
              },
              {
                "x": 2248,
                "y": 911
              },
              {
                "x": 2238,
                "y": 1148
              },
              {
                "x": 342,
                "y": 1065
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "description": "PLEASE",
          "boundingPoly": {
            "vertices": [
              {
                "x": 1210,
                "y": 1233
              },
              {
                "x": 1907,
                "y": 1263
              },
              {
                "x": 1902,
                "y": 1383
              },
              {
                "x": 1205,
                "y": 1353
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "description": "TURN",
          "boundingPoly": {
            "vertices": [
              {
                "x": 1210,
                "y": 1418
              },
              {
                "x": 1730,
                "y": 1441
              },
              {
                "x": 1724,
                "y": 1564
              },
              {
                "x": 1205,
                "y": 1541
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "description": "OFF",
          "boundingPoly": {
            "vertices": [
              {
                "x": 1792,
                "y": 1443
              },
              {
                "x": 2128,
                "y": 1458
              },
              {
                "x": 2122,
                "y": 1581
              },
              {
                "x": 1787,
                "y": 1566
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "description": "YOUR",
          "boundingPoly": {
            "vertices": [
              {
                "x": 1219,
                "y": 1603
              },
              {
                "x": 1746,
                "y": 1629
              },
              {
                "x": 1740,
                "y": 1759
              },
              {
                "x": 1213,
                "y": 1733
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "description": "ENGINE",
          "boundingPoly": {
            "vertices": [
              {
                "x": 1222,
                "y": 1771
              },
              {
                "x": 1944,
                "y": 1834
              },
              {
                "x": 1930,
                "y": 1992
              },
              {
                "x": 1208,
                "y": 1928
              }
            ]
          }
        }
      ],
      "fullTextAnnotation": {
        "pages": [
                  ...
                  ]
                },
                "paragraphs": [
                      ...
                      ]
                    },
                    "words": [
                        ...
                        },
                        "symbols": [
                        ...
                      }
                    ]
                  }
                ],
                "blockType": "TEXT"
              },
              ...
            ]
          }
        ],
        "text": "WAITING?\nPLEASE\nTURN OFF\nYOUR\nENGINE\n"
      }
    }
  ]
}

Go

Before trying this sample, follow the Go setup instructions in the Vision quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the Vision Go API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Vision, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

Java

Before trying this sample, follow the Java setup instructions in the Vision API Quickstart Using Client Libraries. For more information, see the Vision API Java reference documentation.

Node.js

Before trying this sample, follow the Node.js setup instructions in the Vision quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the Vision Node.js API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Vision, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

Python

Before trying this sample, follow the Python setup instructions in the Vision quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the Vision Python API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Vision, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

Additional languages

C#: Please follow the C# setup instructions on the client libraries page and then visit the Vision reference documentation for .NET.

PHP: Please follow the PHP setup instructions on the client libraries page and then visit the Vision reference documentation for PHP.

Ruby: Please follow the Ruby setup instructions on the client libraries page and then visit the Vision reference documentation for Ruby.

Detect text in a remote image

You can use the Vision API to perform feature detection on a remote image file that is located in Cloud Storage or on the Web. To send a remote file request, specify the file's Web URL or Cloud Storage URI in the request body.

gcloud

To perform text detection, use the gcloud ml vision detect-text command:

gcloud ml vision detect-text gs://cloud-samples-data/vision/ocr/sign.jpg

REST

Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:

  • CLOUD_STORAGE_IMAGE_URI: the path to a valid image file in a Cloud Storage bucket. You must at least have read privileges to the file. Example: 
    • gs://cloud-samples-data/vision/ocr/sign.jpg
  • PROJECT_ID: Your Google Cloud project ID.

HTTP method and URL: 

POST https://vision.googleapis.com/v1/images:annotate

Request JSON body: 

{
  "requests": [
    {
      "image": {
        "source": {
          "imageUri": "CLOUD_STORAGE_IMAGE_URI"
        }
       },
       "features": [
         {
           "type": "TEXT_DETECTION"
         }
       ]
    }
  ]
}

To send your request, choose one of these options:

curl

Save the request body in a file named request.json, and execute the following command: 

curl -X POST \
     -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
     -H "x-goog-user-project: PROJECT_ID" \
     -H "Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8" \
     -d @request.json \
     "https://vision.googleapis.com/v1/images:annotate"

PowerShell

Save the request body in a file named request.json, and execute the following command: 

$cred = gcloud auth print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred"; "x-goog-user-project" = "PROJECT_ID" }
Invoke-WebRequest `
    -Method POST `
    -Headers $headers `
    -ContentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8" `
    -InFile request.json `
    -Uri "https://vision.googleapis.com/v1/images:annotate" | Select-Object -Expand Content

If the request is successful, the server returns a 200 OK HTTP status code and the response in JSON format.

A TEXT_DETECTION response includes the detected phrase, its bounding box, and individual words and their bounding boxes.

Response

{
  "responses": [
    {
      "textAnnotations": [
        {
          "locale": "en",
          "description": "WAITING?\nPLEASE\nTURN OFF\nYOUR\nENGINE\n",
          "boundingPoly": {
            "vertices": [
              {
                "x": 341,
                "y": 828
              },
              {
                "x": 2249,
                "y": 828
              },
              {
                "x": 2249,
                "y": 1993
              },
              {
                "x": 341,
                "y": 1993
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "description": "WAITING?",
          "boundingPoly": {
            "vertices": [
              {
                "x": 352,
                "y": 828
              },
              {
                "x": 2248,
                "y": 911
              },
              {
                "x": 2238,
                "y": 1148
              },
              {
                "x": 342,
                "y": 1065
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "description": "PLEASE",
          "boundingPoly": {
            "vertices": [
              {
                "x": 1210,
                "y": 1233
              },
              {
                "x": 1907,
                "y": 1263
              },
              {
                "x": 1902,
                "y": 1383
              },
              {
                "x": 1205,
                "y": 1353
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "description": "TURN",
          "boundingPoly": {
            "vertices": [
              {
                "x": 1210,
                "y": 1418
              },
              {
                "x": 1730,
                "y": 1441
              },
              {
                "x": 1724,
                "y": 1564
              },
              {
                "x": 1205,
                "y": 1541
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "description": "OFF",
          "boundingPoly": {
            "vertices": [
              {
                "x": 1792,
                "y": 1443
              },
              {
                "x": 2128,
                "y": 1458
              },
              {
                "x": 2122,
                "y": 1581
              },
              {
                "x": 1787,
                "y": 1566
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "description": "YOUR",
          "boundingPoly": {
            "vertices": [
              {
                "x": 1219,
                "y": 1603
              },
              {
                "x": 1746,
                "y": 1629
              },
              {
                "x": 1740,
                "y": 1759
              },
              {
                "x": 1213,
                "y": 1733
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "description": "ENGINE",
          "boundingPoly": {
            "vertices": [
              {
                "x": 1222,
                "y": 1771
              },
              {
                "x": 1944,
                "y": 1834
              },
              {
                "x": 1930,
                "y": 1992
              },
              {
                "x": 1208,
                "y": 1928
              }
            ]
          }
        }
      ],
      "fullTextAnnotation": {
        "pages": [
                  ...
                  ]
                },
                "paragraphs": [
                      ...
                      ]
                    },
                    "words": [
                        ...
                        },
                        "symbols": [
                        ...
                      }
                    ]
                  }
                ],
                "blockType": "TEXT"
              },
              ...
            ]
          }
        ],
        "text": "WAITING?\nPLEASE\nTURN OFF\nYOUR\nENGINE\n"
      }
    }
  ]
}

Go

Before trying this sample, follow the Go setup instructions in the Vision quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the Vision Go API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Vision, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

Java

Before trying this sample, follow the Java setup instructions in the Vision API Quickstart Using Client Libraries. For more information, see the Vision API Java reference documentation.

Node.js

Before trying this sample, follow the Node.js setup instructions in the Vision quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the Vision Node.js API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Vision, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

Python

Before trying this sample, follow the Python setup instructions in the Vision quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the Vision Python API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Vision, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

Additional languages

C#: Please follow the C# setup instructions on the client libraries page and then visit the Vision reference documentation for .NET.

PHP: Please follow the PHP setup instructions on the client libraries page and then visit the Vision reference documentation for PHP.

Ruby: Please follow the Ruby setup instructions on the client libraries page and then visit the Vision reference documentation for Ruby.

Specify the language for OCR text detection (optional)

Both types of OCR requests support one or more languageHints that specify the language of any text in the image. However, an empty value usually yields the best results, because omitting a value enables automatic language detection. For languages based on the Latin alphabet, setting languageHints is not needed. In rare cases, when the language of the text in the image is known, setting a hint helps get better results (although it can be a significant hindrance if the hint is wrong). Text detection returns an error if one or more of the specified languages is not one of the supported languages.

If you choose to provide a language hint, modify the body of your request (request.json file) to provide the string of one of the supported languages in the imageContext.languageHints field as shown in the following sample: 

{
  "requests": [
    {
      "image": {
        "source": {
          "imageUri": "IMAGE_URL"
        }
      },
      "features": [
        {
          "type": "DOCUMENT_TEXT_DETECTION"
        }
      ],
      "imageContext": {
        "languageHints": ["en-t-i0-handwrit"]
      }
    }
  ]
}

Multi-regional support for Vision API OCR

You can now specify continent-level data storage and OCR processing. The following regions are currently supported:

  • us: USA country only
  • eu: The European Union

Locations

Cloud Vision offers you some control over where the resources for your project are stored and processed. In particular, you can configure Cloud Vision to store and process your data only in the European Union.

By default Cloud Vision stores and processes resources in a Global location, which means that Cloud Vision doesn't guarantee that your resources will remain within a particular location or region. If you choose the European Union location, Google will store your data and process it only in the European Union. You and your users can access the data from any location.

Setting the location using the API

The Vision API supports a global API endpoint (vision.googleapis.com) and also two region-based endpoints: a European Union endpoint (eu-vision.googleapis.com) and United States endpoint (us-vision.googleapis.com). Use these endpoints for region-specific processing. For example, to store and process your data in the European Union only, use the URI eu-vision.googleapis.com in place of vision.googleapis.com for your REST API calls:

  • https://eu-vision.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/eu/images:annotate
  • https://eu-vision.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/eu/images:asyncBatchAnnotate
  • https://eu-vision.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/eu/files:annotate
  • https://eu-vision.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/eu/files:asyncBatchAnnotate

To store and process your data in the United States only, use the US endpoint (us-vision.googleapis.com) with the preceding methods.

Setting the location using the client libraries

The Vision API client libraries accesses the global API endpoint (vision.googleapis.com) by default. To store and process your data in the European Union only, you need to explicitly set the endpoint (eu-vision.googleapis.com). The following code samples show how to configure this setting.

REST

Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:

  • REGION_ID: One of the valid regional location identifiers:
    • us: USA country only
    • eu: The European Union
  • CLOUD_STORAGE_IMAGE_URI: the path to a valid image file in a Cloud Storage bucket. You must at least have read privileges to the file. Example: 
    • gs://cloud-samples-data/vision/ocr/sign.jpg
  • PROJECT_ID: Your Google Cloud project ID.

HTTP method and URL: 

POST https://REGION_ID-vision.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/REGION_ID/images:annotate

Request JSON body: 

{
  "requests": [
    {
      "image": {
        "source": {
          "imageUri": "CLOUD_STORAGE_IMAGE_URI"
        }
       },
       "features": [
         {
           "type": "TEXT_DETECTION"
         }
       ]
    }
  ]
}

To send your request, choose one of these options:

curl

Save the request body in a file named request.json, and execute the following command: 

curl -X POST \
     -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
     -H "x-goog-user-project: PROJECT_ID" \
     -H "Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8" \
     -d @request.json \
     "https://REGION_ID-vision.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/REGION_ID/images:annotate"

PowerShell

Save the request body in a file named request.json, and execute the following command: 

$cred = gcloud auth print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred"; "x-goog-user-project" = "PROJECT_ID" }
Invoke-WebRequest `
    -Method POST `
    -Headers $headers `
    -ContentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8" `
    -InFile request.json `
    -Uri "https://REGION_ID-vision.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/REGION_ID/images:annotate" | Select-Object -Expand Content

If the request is successful, the server returns a 200 OK HTTP status code and the response in JSON format.

A TEXT_DETECTION response includes the detected phrase, its bounding box, and individual words and their bounding boxes.

Response

{
  "responses": [
    {
      "textAnnotations": [
        {
          "locale": "en",
          "description": "WAITING?\nPLEASE\nTURN OFF\nYOUR\nENGINE\n",
          "boundingPoly": {
            "vertices": [
              {
                "x": 341,
                "y": 828
              },
              {
                "x": 2249,
                "y": 828
              },
              {
                "x": 2249,
                "y": 1993
              },
              {
                "x": 341,
                "y": 1993
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "description": "WAITING?",
          "boundingPoly": {
            "vertices": [
              {
                "x": 352,
                "y": 828
              },
              {
                "x": 2248,
                "y": 911
              },
              {
                "x": 2238,
                "y": 1148
              },
              {
                "x": 342,
                "y": 1065
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "description": "PLEASE",
          "boundingPoly": {
            "vertices": [
              {
                "x": 1210,
                "y": 1233
              },
              {
                "x": 1907,
                "y": 1263
              },
              {
                "x": 1902,
                "y": 1383
              },
              {
                "x": 1205,
                "y": 1353
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "description": "TURN",
          "boundingPoly": {
            "vertices": [
              {
                "x": 1210,
                "y": 1418
              },
              {
                "x": 1730,
                "y": 1441
              },
              {
                "x": 1724,
                "y": 1564
              },
              {
                "x": 1205,
                "y": 1541
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "description": "OFF",
          "boundingPoly": {
            "vertices": [
              {
                "x": 1792,
                "y": 1443
              },
              {
                "x": 2128,
                "y": 1458
              },
              {
                "x": 2122,
                "y": 1581
              },
              {
                "x": 1787,
                "y": 1566
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "description": "YOUR",
          "boundingPoly": {
            "vertices": [
              {
                "x": 1219,
                "y": 1603
              },
              {
                "x": 1746,
                "y": 1629
              },
              {
                "x": 1740,
                "y": 1759
              },
              {
                "x": 1213,
                "y": 1733
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "description": "ENGINE",
          "boundingPoly": {
            "vertices": [
              {
                "x": 1222,
                "y": 1771
              },
              {
                "x": 1944,
                "y": 1834
              },
              {
                "x": 1930,
                "y": 1992
              },
              {
                "x": 1208,
                "y": 1928
              }
            ]
          }
        }
      ],
      "fullTextAnnotation": {
        "pages": [
                  ...
                  ]
                },
                "paragraphs": [
                      ...
                      ]
                    },
                    "words": [
                        ...
                        },
                        "symbols": [
                        ...
                      }
                    ]
                  }
                ],
                "blockType": "TEXT"
              },
              ...
            ]
          }
        ],
        "text": "WAITING?\nPLEASE\nTURN OFF\nYOUR\nENGINE\n"
      }
    }
  ]
}

Go

Before trying this sample, follow the Go setup instructions in the Vision quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the Vision Go API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Vision, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

Java

Before trying this sample, follow the Java setup instructions in the Vision API Quickstart Using Client Libraries. For more information, see the Vision API Java reference documentation.

Node.js

Before trying this sample, follow the Node.js setup instructions in the Vision quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the Vision Node.js API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Vision, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

Python

Before trying this sample, follow the Python setup instructions in the Vision quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the Vision Python API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Vision, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

Try the feature with the Google APIs Explorer

Try text detection and document text detection using the Google APIs Explorer. You can use the provided image (gs://cloud-samples-data/vision/ocr/sign.jpg) by clicking Execute, or you can specify your own image in its place.

To try document text detection, update the value of type to DOCUMENT_TEXT_DETECTION.

Road sign image.

Request body:

{
  "requests": [
    {
      "features": [
        {
          "type": "TEXT_DETECTION"
        }
      ],
      "image": {
        "source": {
          "imageUri": "gs://cloud-samples-data/vision/ocr/sign.jpg"
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}

Open the Google APIs Explorer and send the request

  1. To open the Google APIs Explorer, click Try it!.

  2. Optional. Modify the existing request body.

  3. To send the request, click Execute.

Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, and code samples are licensed under the Apache 2.0 License. For details, see the Google Developers Site Policies. Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Last updated 2026-08-11 UTC.

Read the original on docs.cloud.google.com ↗