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The Representation Layer

The Representation Layer — long-form notes by Alper Nebi Kanlı, a Staff Software Engineer in London working on search and information retrieval, on embeddings, retrieval, language models, and the systems underneath modern AI.

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Latest posts

refusal in llms is not one thing

Abliteration deletes a model's refusal with a difference of means and some linear algebra. A walk through what that operation actually touches: one direction or many, refusal or safety, and the gap between a structure being present and the model using it.

representational convergence is not one thing - part 2

A tour of the micro debate on representational convergence, from lines and categories to circles, helices and spectra, and the gap between a structure being present, readable, and actually used.

representational convergence is not one thing - part 1

A tour of the macro debate on representational convergence, from the Platonic Representation Hypothesis to scaled critiques and the Aristotelian view.

some berts and modernbert

a new encoder-only model

the llm era: from embeddings to emergence

continuing the journey of embeddings, exploring the llm era

journey of embeddings

an overview of the journey of embeddings

inspirations behind words and their mappings

what am i trying to do in the series words and their mappings?

words and their mappings - introduction

a brief introduction to the series words and their mappings

how does elasticsearch work? - elasticsearch architecture - general overview

Elasticsearch is a fast, scalable search and analytics engine built on Apache Lucene, known for real-time search and powerful querying. Its architecture consists of clusters, nodes, and shards, with nodes handling indexing and queries while shards distribute data for better performance and fault tolerance.