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Oncology | 2 Minute Medicine

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Tumour microenvironment factors may influence cancer progression and response to tamoxifen (Nolvadex) in patients with estrogen receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 breast cancer

1. In patients with estrogen receptor (ER)+ and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)- breast cancer, certain tumour microenvironments (TMEs) were associated with improved breast cancer progression and treatment response to tamoxifen (Nolvadex). Evidence Rating Level: 1 (Excellent) The TME of tumour, immune, and stromal cells varies depending on breast cancer estrogen receptor status.…

Active surveillance is cost-effective compared with standard surgery among esophageal cancer patients with complete clinical response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy

1. Active surveillance was cost-effective over 5 years compared with standard surgery in patients with esophageal cancer and complete clinical response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Evidence Rating Level: 1 (Excellent) Active surveillance for patients with esophageal cancer and a complete clinical response (CCR) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) is noninferior to standard surgery…

Younger age and systemic metastases may independently predict survival among patients with choroidal metastases

1. Younger age (<59.6 years) and systemic metastases (>1) were independent predictors of survival among patients with choroidal metastases. Evidence Rating Level: 2 (Good) Around 1–2% of all cancer patients develop intraocular metastases, with the choroid representing the primary site of metastatic involvement (90%). It is unclear how age and primary tumor type impact survival […] The post Younger…

A digital mental health intervention may improve anxiety in breast cancer survivors

1. Among a large cohort of breast cancer survivors, those who participated in digital mental health treatment reported a reduction in symptoms of anxiety, with additional human coaching associated with a reduction in depression. Evidence Rating Level: 1 (Excellent) Almost 50% of all women suffering from advanced breast cancer experience significant anxiety and depression within […] The post A…

Contaminated drinking water is associated with increased risk of uterine cancer

1. In a large cohort study, an increased risk of uterine cancer was found in women with enrollment addresses linked to a community water supply with known tap water contamination, with the highest risks associated with trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids exposure, and little to no risk associated with nitrate, arsenic, or uranium levels. Evidence Rating […] The post Contaminated drinking water is…

All-oral chemotherapy regimen tolerable and efficacious for newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia

1. In this phase 1-2 trial involving patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia who were ineligible for intensive chemotherapy, an all-oral regimen of decitabine–cedazuridine plus venetoclax was well tolerated without higher-grade toxic effects. 2. In the phase 2b segment, a complete response was achieved in nearly half of patients who received the intervention. Evidence […] The post…

Enzalutamide (Xtandi) and abiraterone (Zytiga) may have similar effectiveness in metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer

1. The use of enzalutamide (Xtandi) and abiraterone (Zytiga) in metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) was associated with similar overall survival (OS). 2. The use of enzalutamide was associated with an improved OS among patients over the age of 75 years. Evidence Rating Level: 2 (Good) Enzalutamide and abiraterone are two androgen-receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPI) […] The post…

Chemotherapy exposure is independently associated with reduced pain severity in advanced pancreatic cancer

1. Chemotherapy appears to be independently associated with reduced pain severity in advanced pancreatic cancer, reinforcing the importance of routine, longitudinal pain assessment and proactive, individualized symptom management from diagnosis through palliative care. Evidence Rating Level: 2 (Good) Pain is a highly prevalent and debilitating symptom in advanced pancreatic cancer, yet…

Spinal instability may be the primary cause of pain in sacral metastases as opposed to neurologic compromise

1. Although neurological symptoms (motor deficits, sensory impairment) were more frequent in patients with sitting-related sacral pain on univariate comparison, this association did not hold in multivariable analysis (aOR 0.83, 95% CI 0.21–2.95, p=0.780), indicating spinal instability—not neurological compromise—was the primary driver of this pain. 2. Patients with sitting-related sacral pain had…

Enfortumab vedotin plus pembrolizumab is more effective than platinum-based chemotherapy in metastatic urothelial carcinoma

1. In the management of adult patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (MUC), enfortumab vedotin plus pembrolizumab (EV/P) was well-tolerated and significantly more effective than gemcitabine plus cisplatin (G/C). Evidence Rating Level: 2 (Good) Recent clinical trials have demonstrated that EV/P offers greater overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) compared with…